By Dr. Jim Dahle, WCI Founder
Many people attempt to be frugal, but in reality, they simply become cheap. In this post, you'll learn the difference between the two and how to avoid this common mistake.
What Is Frugal?
“Frugal” is a compliment. Frugality is a virtue. Thrifty is generally considered to be a synonym. Benjamin Franklin said:
“Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; that is, waste nothing.”
and
“Be industrious and frugal, and you will be rich.”
Frugality is a good thing. It will help you to be financially secure, purchase your dream life, and be ridiculously charitable.
What Is Cheap?
Cheap is an insult. It means stingy. Cheapness is a vice, and it often comes from avarice or greed. Look at the ways the word gets used.
“Talk is cheap.”
“The cheap seats.”
“A cheapshot.”
You probably describe someone as cheap when you think they're ridiculous, and you refer to them as frugal when you admire them. The opposite of a cheapskate is a spendthrift, but neither is a compliment.
Frugal or Cheap? The Eye of the Beholder
Everyone has their own views on what is a reasonable expenditure. It's a continuum, and if someone doesn't think exactly like you on the subject, you may view them as either a spendthrift or a cheapskate. That would be a mistake, though. No good comes out of judging others. Personal finance is a single-player game anyway; it's just you against your goals. You don't have to out-earn, out-save, or out-invest anyone else to win and to be happy.
But you do need a few good relationships to be happy, and that's where your “extreme frugality” (aka cheapness) can become a problem.
More information here:
When Is It Time to Stop Being Cheap?
Tips to Avoid and Overcome Being Cheap
There is plenty of gray area on the cheapness/spendthrift continuum. But if you're at the extreme ends on that continuum, the vast majority of people would agree that you're being cheap or wasting money. There are plenty of posts on this blog to help you with the wasting money part. Here are some tips to help you avoid being cheap.
#1 Spend Intentionally
Here's the first tip. Spend intentionally. Spend your money on what you value most. Maybe you're into really nice shoes or nice vacations or nice handbags or nice cars or whatever. Great. Spend your money there. Save on everything else. Be generally frugal and selectively extravagant.
In my case, it's outdoor equipment. When I'm going on a fun adventure, I'll spare no expense at REI or some specialty rafting or climbing shop. Yet there's a 2005 Toyota in my driveway, and my favorite outfit is a Carhartt hoodie and some comfy climbing pants.
Others might still think you're cheap, but at least you'll be true to your own self and your values. This is the whole point of frugality anyway—to be able to afford what you really want.
#2 Don't Be Penny Wise and Pound Foolish
Buy nice or buy twice applies to many things in life. Not that buying twice is always the wrong answer. If you're a golfer who shoots in the 100ish range, you're probably better off with a dozen $1 golf balls than one that costs $12.
Canyoneering is a sport where every single piece of gear is disposable. You can wear out an aluminum carabiner descending a single canyon on a sandy rope. You might only get two seasons out of a backpack or a pair of boots. Sometimes you wear cheap, protective clothing (shirt, shorts, knee pads) to avoid wearing out more expensive gear (harnesses, wetsuits). We smear roofing sealant onto some of our gear to make it last even longer. If you can buy a rope that lasts 50% longer but costs twice as much, that's not necessarily worth it.
But most things in life aren't like canyoneering. It's often a big mistake to buy something inexpensive trying to save money only to turn around and have to buy the nice piece of equipment, furniture, clothing, or appliances later anyway.
It can be the same problem with preventive healthcare and fitness expenses. Sure, you'll save $10 a month not having that gym membership. But is it worth the deconditioning and heart disease? Probably not.
#3 Don't Do Illegal or Unethical Things
There are lots of ways to save money that are unethical or flat-out illegal.
- Cheating on your taxes
- Stiffing someone to whom you owe money
- Jumping the turnstile on the subway
- “Sharing” a Netflix or HBO account
- Hacking your neighbor's WiFi
- Sneaking food into an establishment with a posted “no outside food” policy
- Stealing
- Shoplifting
- Theft of services
- Sneaking into events
- Wearing an expensive new dress to a special occasion and then returning it
- Regifting
I'm sure you can add a dozen more to the list. Doing them is even worse than being cheap. Don't want to pay $10 for drinks? Have a couple before you go (and make sure someone else is driving). Don't sneak in your flask.
#4 Tip Appropriately
If you can't afford the tip, you can't afford to eat out. It's part of the price of the activity. I wish everyone could have a job where they work for tips for a while. You'd learn an awful lot about people, customer service, and cheapness.
#5 Know What Other People You Care About Care About
When spending as a couple or as a family, you need to keep in mind how others feel about spending. Perhaps you're willing to stay in a one-star dive motel where half the rooms rent by the hour and where three people were murdered last year, but your spouse isn't. Their minimum is three stars. If you choose a hotel with less than three stars, they'll see you as being cheap. You might not need new clothes every year, but your 15-year-old kid might have a slightly higher standard. When planning a wedding, you need to consider the means and desires of multiple parties on both sides. While that should not necessarily push you into an expense you consider ridiculous or that will impoverish you, saving a few hundred or a thousand dollars over something today may cost you tens of thousands later (or relationships that cannot be fixed even by spending tens of thousands later.) You need to have the emotional intelligence to at least consider how others feel about your spending choices that affect them too.
#6 Know the Value of Your Time
I fall back on my native cheapness all the time. Heck, I've been known to skip a meal to save $20. Probably $5. You know what helps me? Knowing what my time is worth. You can actually calculate it. Your Money or Your Life has some really nice chapters about this. What can you earn after tax, and what is the cost of earning it? Maybe it's $100 an hour. Maybe more. Let's say your figure is $200 an hour. When you try to save $50 by doing something that costs you 30 minutes of your time, you're not coming out ahead. Spend the money to save the time and aggravation.
I recently spent an hour at a rental car counter. I vowed I would never do that again. Near the end of the hour, I was Googling “How do rich people rent cars?” and Katie was signing us up for Hertz Gold. As I signed out the car, the attendant told me it would cost us $30 extra for me to drive (since the reservation was accidentally put in Katie's name) and that the insurance (we were overseas) was going to be a couple hundred bucks. By that point, I had “spent” far more than that standing in the line, and I knew it. I just said, “OK, thank you very much,” took the keys, and drove away. Fighting over that $30 would have been cheap, not frugal.
#7 Remember the Big Rocks
Here's another example from a vacation. We had made plans to go to Versailles and bicycle through the gardens. Katie loves doing stuff like this (and later said it was her favorite part of the trip.) But we went to the wrong gate, and due to a special event, I was faced with the choice of either paying €68 in entry fees or walking an extra two miles to get to where we could rent the bicycles. This was an experience for which we had purchased six transatlantic flights, multiple metro and train tickets, and an Airbnb to have. It was a no-brainer, and it was €68 well spent. If I had wanted to save money, the way to do it would have been to skip the vacation altogether and not have the family spend an extra hour walking and cut into our cycling time to save €68. Not paying the entry fee would have been cheap, not frugal.
#8 Have a Financial Plan (Know Where You Stand)
There is a time in life for thrift and frugality. A lot of people don't recognize that time, and they don't recognize when it has passed. When I was in college, I donated plasma for grocery money, I bicycled everywhere, and I dined out (carefully) only on a date. But I was also broke. Now, I am financially independent. Things that made sense then no longer do now. I know where I stand. Why? Because I have a financial plan. You should get one, too. Financial plans have specific goals, and financial planners (whether DIYers or those using pros) track where they are en route toward those goals. There comes a time in the lives of most WCIers to loosen the purse strings. Recognize it when it comes along.
#9 Don't Nag Others to Pay You Back
I go on a lot of trips that I organize. Generally, the way these are done is that all of the group expenses get pooled together, thrown into the pot, and divided up evenly. Those who paid more than their share get a Venmo from me, and everybody else gets a “bill”—perhaps for a couple of hundred dollars at most. A week or so after the trip, we all settle up on the costs. Most people going on these trips are doing just fine financially, and they can certainly afford the cost of them.
I once took a younger, less well-to-do person on a trip, and when I sent out the bill, he sent me half the money (explaining it was everything in his checking account) and promised the rest with his next paycheck. I was surprised that someone who was flat broke would go on the trip at all (but to be fair, it was a really cool trip!). Did I say anything? No way. And in another month, I probably would have forgotten about it altogether (he did send me the rest a couple of weeks later). I didn't need that money, and it would have been “cheap” to try to get it or to give him a hard time about it. Don't loan more money to people than you can afford to give them. Better yet, just give it.
#10 The Wealthiest Needs to Be the Most Emotionally Intelligent
I can't take credit for this one. I learned it from someone else, and I am still figuring out the best ways to apply it in my life. When doing fun things with less well-to-do friends or family, you need to have the most emotional intelligence. Nobody wants a handout, but they can't afford to do what you want to do in the style in which you want to do it with them. You can afford to cover their share, but you need it not to look like a handout. Here are some examples of what you could say.
- “No worries, this is free to me because I'm using miles, not real money.”
- “I'll get dinner tonight, and you can cover breakfast tomorrow” (knowing breakfast will be 20% of what you spent on dinner).
- “I'll get the bill; you get the tip.”
- “I'll get the rental; you get the gas.”
- “We'll buy tonight, you'll have us over later for your famous lasagna, and we'll call it even.”
- “I'll pay for the drinks, and you arrange and pay for the Uber home.”
- “Want to join us at our timeshare (or houseboat rental)? We'll just split the maintenance cost (or gas) for the week.”
There are a million variations. They know and you know that you have more money than they do. Nobody needs or wants to point it out, but everyone wants to enjoy each other's company. So, let's play a little game that allows for that.
#11 Remember What You Are Trying to Teach Children
Money behavior is both modeled and taught explicitly to your children. Keep in mind what you are trying to teach as you go. Teach your kids to turn off lights and not to waste water to save the planet and to learn general frugality, not because it will actually make a difference in your monthly budget. They'll eventually see through that. If people wear a sweatshirt in the house in the winter, that's probably fine. You're just being frugal. If they're wearing coats, you're being cheap.
More information here:
Miserly Versus Thrifty – From a Resident Perspective
Will More Money Make Me Happier?
I Match Your Home Haircuts, and I Raise You the Sofa We Found on the Sidewalk
Being frugal is fine. In fact, it's necessary if you ever want to build wealth. You ought to at least remain relatively frugal throughout your life. But you never need to be cheap.
What do you think? What “cheap” behavior bugs you? How have you overcome being cheap? Comment below!
You’ve almost convinced me to go back and order one $160 TWIN bed sheet set instead of the $40 ones I got. But only one, for my study/ inside sheshack not for all the guest beds…
Not so sure Hertz is the best premium option. Apparently they are very disorganized and have falsely accused people of stealing their cars:
https://viewfromthewing.com/omg-the-hertz-story-is-worse-than-i-thought-they-may-have-filed-20000-police-reports/
I kind of have mixed feelings on #7. It sounds like you are justifying making a financial decision you otherwise wouldn’t make by comparing it to the large amount of money you already spent. Depending on the situation that could be shaky advice.
i think you can justify the expenditure without that. You are on vacation specifically to have fun and relax, and the bike ride was an important part of it, The time spent in walking two miles is time lost in enjoying the gardens. Your time has value as in #6. That may well justify the financial decision.
I didn’t see it as a justification against sunk-cost fallacy. More like: this is a multi-thousand dollar experience; why quibble over a few 10s of dollars.
Good article overall. Not sure if I agree with regifting being unethical or flat-out illegal (#3). Regifting, especially if the item is still new or almost new and something the person would like, I feel can be a very ethical gift. Maybe I am just cheap, lol.
Good food for thought there. It took me a few years to realize that the value of a travel city-hour is so much higher than the cost of a home city-hour. Unless the frugal option is also highly enjoyable, I do love wandering around foreign lands seeing how people live.
I too was surprised to see regifting on your list. Akin to turning off lights and drippy taps, if I am given something nice that I won’t use it makes sense to pass it along to someone who will. Even more so as I reach the age where we mostly gift each other consumables.
A regifted gift also says “I don’t think enough of you to go past my closet full of regiftables when looking for a gift for you.” It’s certainly not illegal. Maybe not even unethical like other items on the list. But it’s hard to argue it isn’t being cheap. Sure, give it to someone who will use it if you don’t, but to use it to meet an obligatory gift occasion feels cheap to me.
Regifting is usually for someone far enough distant from nearest and dearest that you either knew they’d love it when seeing it wasn’t perfect for you, or don’t know too well what to carefully select for them. Sure don’t regift instead of consulting a wedding/ shower registry but for the office birthday parties or Xmas exchanges it might be perfect. As non drinkers mostly in the UK we grew quite a closetful of wine brought to parties or dinners and saw no reason not to regift (though plenty of folks instead warranted interesting hard liquor from the US only we could get anyway- my milk man after getting Jack Daniels one year asked for Southern Comfort the next; something he missed from his time wildcatting in Louisiana). We started labeling wine with who gave the bottle so we weren’t returning the exact same bottle to the folks who gave it to us.
Great article but have to join the crowd here and say re-gifting shouldn’t be on that list. Sure it can be done badly, but it is much more frugal than cheap.
Love #4 but I have to say I am getting tired of seeing fast food place with a tip menu starting at 15% before I can complete my credit card transaction. During COVID I did give them tips, but it feels greedy now. Maybe an article idea – Greedy vs Enterprising.
It’s always funny how a large percentage of the comments can come from one sentence in a long post. Or in this case, one word.
You could get the CapOne Venture X. It would give you priority pass access (for you and up to 3 authorized users), Hertz President status that allows you to add another driver for free, and primary car rental insurance even abroad. You would come out ahead despite its annual fee if you spend $300 on their travel portal and keep the card after one year.
I love “#10 The Wealthiest Needs to Be the Most Emotionally Intelligent” I’ve been doing it intentionally a couple of times. Something like “My work will reimburse the cost of the dinner” or “this is covered by my per diem”, when I knew perfectly well I will never submit an expense report for it.
Generous but it has two problems.
1. Lying to my friends
2. Implying to them that I would embezzle money from my employer.
I would be more comfortable with simple truth. Something like “I will pay for this”.
Agree. One of my favorite posts.
I learned this lesson from point 10 in middle school. I recall my parents bought an experience with my teacher taking me to a pro basketball game and dinner for a charity auction. My mom made me offer to give the teacher money and if he refused i was to leave it in his car. So i did. Boy was he mad. And hurt. I learned then that just because you can afford something more than someone else it is offensive to always pay for everything.
I like your list of stealing. I have to admit different times in my life to some of these. Kind of like the little white lie of the stealing world. Convicting and helpful. Not just cheap but some of these are unethical. Just because it’s easy or “everyone does it” doesn’t make it ok.
I have started to think of time based on income level. Usually that’s helpful as in the examples you describe. I’ve stopped calling to argue $50 for a bill for an hour of my time. Although I want to on principle. The big thing is vacation. I stopped caring about $200 here or there on flight differences or hotels if ones better. That’s not the cost of the trip. It’s the time off from work that dwarfs that. The danger is to never take time off if you look at it that way but just have to look past that part or you’ll never go. But when you’re going don’t miss out on stuff that isn’t the real cost of the trip.
great post Jim and yes, I love #10. usually I tell my friends that I will just drink their beer when I come over their house to make up for it. I am the stereotypical Asian lightweight when it comes to alcohol- works out well in the end
Great post, especially for those that need to live like a resident. A couple of things I would add. First, $1.00 saved was $1.62 earned, at least during my last year of work. Figuring out yours can be instructive especially for WCI folks. The hardest thing to create in your financial life is after tax cash and it helped me understand the real return on frugality. Also, it helps prevent unwise spending or borrowing based upon gross income which can be deceptive. Second, #10 is a really big deal because envy and covetousness are introduced and can be equally harmful to both. “The style in which you want” appears to eliminate asking the other person what to do together and how to do it in the first place, which should always be considered.
Both people would love that style, it’s just that one can’t afford it.
So what should one do with a gift one would never use? Throw it away? Set it on fire?
Regifting is, by far, the most ecologically responsible thing to do.
People give us wine.
We don’t drink.
Should we
A. Pour it out
Or
B. Give it to someone who likes wine
For me, an easy question.
” If people wear a sweatshirt in the house in the winter, that’s probably fine. You’re just being frugal. If they’re wearing coats, you’re being cheap.”
OK. I am cheap. I would have said that anyway.
But in the winter, I don’t just wear a coat.
I wear long underwear, a moisture-wicking turtleneck, a heavy wool shirt, a heavy woolen hunting suit (pants and jacket), thick socks, insulated slippers and a good warm hat. Sitting under a down comforter.
I keep the house warm enough to avoid frozen pipes, but without all those clothes, my hands would be freezing. With them, I am warm enough, and consume less energy.
Not only less expensive that over heating the house, but produces less greenhouse gases.
If that is cheap, then sign me up.
You said it….
I agree with that, but I wouldn’t consider that regifting if it’s giving someone something out of the blue. I think of regifting more of a specific gift-giving occasion, and rather than put thought into a gift, you just give something you have lying around.
Two comments:
1) I have always found that I am called FRUGAL by those folks who are financially independent. And they are generally the ones who call me when they are ready to make a large purchase or who want to discuss a personal finance or investing issue.
I am generally called CHEAP by people who are struggling with their finances and who have little to fall back on.
2) I am consistently receiving all sorts of small kitchen appliances gratis from manufacturers who pay me for my input. Yes, those get regifted and I do not feel one ounce of guilt. This year, I have regifted a $300 single-service coffee machine and a Henckel knife set to a relative. I had NO use for either and they were happy to receive them. I tell the people upfront where I got the product and that I have used it a couple of times. Most of my friends honestly could not care less as they do NOT care about social status and the like.
Hi Jim,
Agreed – frugality is absolutely a virtue. I think that being thrifty is focused on being open to purchasing secondhand items if they’re good quality. On the other hand, being frugal is a more general term about purchasing items that will give you the most value for your time and money.
I enjoyed your point about not being penny wise and pound foolish. Some things are simply worth the money. For example, a quality pair of hiking boots that costs $150 is worth buying if it’ll last you 10 seasons as opposed to buying a $40 pair that will only last you 2 seasons. In the long run, you’ll own nicer items of clothing and shoes and will save money – a win-win in my books.
I also love your point about knowing the value of your time. One great example is outsourcing tasks to others. If you’re a small business owner and your time generally makes $80 per hour, you won’t mind paying someone $20 per hour to clean your home. That extra time helps you build long-term wealth.
What do you think someone should do if a friend absolutely cannot afford to go out with you to a restaurant or pay for a vacation – even a portion of it? Should you just do free activities together?
– Jani, Frugal Fun Finance
It’s either that or you’re buying it sounds like.