By Eric Rosenberg, WCI Contributor
If you’ve built up significant wealth over your medical career (or were lucky enough to inherit a sizable net worth from your family), you’ve likely considered the tax implications of what happens to your assets when you eventually pass them on to your children. A dynasty trust could be a good option for you.
Dynasty trusts are a type of irrevocable trust where you pass on wealth to your grandchildren or great-grandchildren without paying estate taxes multiple times. In other words, you're not letting the government get a cut of your estate for every passing generation. Sometimes called multi-generational trusts, these unique estate-planning tools can provide significant tax benefits when used correctly. Keep reading to learn about dynasty trust tax benefits and how they may benefit your heirs.
What Is a Dynasty Trust?
A dynasty trust is a multi-generational trust where your assets skip a generation. A dynasty trust could be a good option if you want to leave funds to your grandchildren or any future generation beyond your grandchildren.
Dynasty trusts can even be built to distribute assets to the children of your children (or their children) upon your eventual passing. While it’s no fun to think about dying, planning ahead can make your family’s life much easier when managing future wealth distributions. Most trusts offer simplicity and added privacy for your family by helping avoid probate when dealing with generational wealth transfer. But a dynasty trust could be an even better option if you want to save on estate taxes.
Note that we’re focused on federal estate taxes here. Some states require additional estate or inheritance taxes.
More information here:
Will vs. Trust: Which Do You Need?
History of the Dynasty Trust
In 1976, the US government put a stop to having to pay an estate tax for every generation. The philosophical reasons behind estate/gift/transfer taxes are interesting to discuss, but the fact remains that the law is the law, so you might as well understand it. You can either rejoice about it or complain about it later, depending on your political leanings.
At any rate, the government also has had a little-known (and seldom-applied) tax called the Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax (GSTT) since the mid-1970s. This basically ensures that estate taxes are at least paid every other generation. Before this, wealthy families could simply gift money and assets to their grandkids or great-grandkids, while skipping their own children, and not have to pay any federal estate taxes. With the passage of the Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax, a flat 40% tax had to be paid when property or other assets were transferred to a beneficiary who was at least 37 1/2 years younger than the donor.
Just as there is a $12.92 million exemption for the estate tax in 2023—a figure that increases to $13.61 million for 2024—there is also a separate $13.61 million exemption for the Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax.
Dynasty Trust Tax Benefits
When you pass on wealth to your children, they can inherit up to $13.61 million from each parent, or $27.22 million total, tax-free. Those are the 2024 exemption rates, which change annually. Any inheritance beyond that total is subject to up to a 40% inheritance tax.
That 40% tax can be painful if you're an ultra-high-net-worth household. But what happens if you pass on enough wealth to your children that your grandchildren must also pay the 40% tax? And again, their children could be subject to the 40% tax? That’s where dynasty trusts come in.
It used to be that people would leave money to their grandchildren instead of their children to avoid two layers of estate tax taxation, but the government got wise to this technique and instituted the Generation Skipping Transfer Tax to ensure that the taxation was the same whether the money was left first to the child and then to the grandchild or directly to the grandchild.
However, the GSTT is paid when the money is transferred into the trust, so any growth on that money in the trust before distributed to the grandchild occurs free of estate tax and GSTT.
Depending on the size of your estate, a dynasty trust could lead to millions of dollars in savings for your family. That’s a huge financial benefit. Here’s an example of how dynasty trusts work to help you better understand how it could work for you and your family.
Dynasty Trust Example
Here’s a dynasty trust example to show how the tax benefits could work. Suppose you’re a successful surgeon/entrepreneur with a spouse and a household net worth of $50 million. If you were to pass on that $50 million to your only child when you die, anything beyond $27.22 million is taxable at a 40% rate (we rounded here to simplify). That means your child would pay $9.1 million in taxes. Ouch! However, let's say your child does a decent job growing that money for 30 more years (although a fair amount of it was spent) before leaving it to their child. Let's say it is now worth $200 million and the estate tax exemption at that time is $50 million. So $150 million would be subject to that 40% tax, a tax bill of $60 million.
Instead, perhaps you use a dynasty trust to transfer that initial $50 million to the next generation. Instead of paying $9.1 million in taxes, you now pay $18.2 million in taxes. The remaining $31.8 million is left to grow for 30 years before distribution to the third generation. At 8%, that grows to $320 million, which is now distributed estate/GSTT tax-free. This represents a massive estate tax savings (plus it keeps generation 2 from spending any of it!) The dynasty trust essentially allowed generation 1 to pre-pay the GSTT.
Dynasty trusts can be complicated, so most households should consult an expert estate planning attorney or tax professional to ensure everything is set up correctly.
More information here:
Financial Advice for High-Income Doctors
Dynasty Trust Pros and Cons
Pros
- One or more generations can skip paying estate taxes
- More control over each generation’s inheritance
- Avoid probate for assets passed on through a trust
Cons
- Trust assets are locked into the trust once funded
- Challenging to adjust this type of trust once it’s created
- Your children can’t access trust assets
More information here:
The Importance of Revocable Living Trusts
Dynasty Trusts FAQ
Which States Allow Dynasty Trusts?
These states currently allow dynasty trusts: Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
Is a Dynasty Trust Revocable or Irrevocable?
Dynasty trusts are irrevocable trusts. You cannot withdraw funds once they’re placed into the dynasty trust.
Can a Spouse Get Money from a Dynasty Trust?
A dynasty trust is best for grandchildren or great-grandchildren. A spouse typically shares assets and isn’t subject to estate taxes.
Do Doctors Need a Dynasty Trust?
Most physicians will never have a need for this type of trust since the estate tax exemption is so high, but a few might. Remember, though, that if the estate tax and generation-skipping tax exemptions are cut in half (that could happen in 2026), this could very well become important to many doctors.
Final Word on Dynasty Trusts
For households with tens of millions in assets, dynasty trusts can lead to millions of dollars in tax savings along with the typical benefits of a trust. They’re a bit rigid and difficult to alter, but if you set up a dynasty trust with the right planning, they’re a major gift to your grandchildren and future generations.
Have more questions about estate planning or protecting your assets? Hire a WCI-vetted professional to help you sort it out.
Have you thought about using a dynasty trust? Do you already have one? What do you like and/or dislike about them?
[This updated post was originally published in 2011.]
I could be wrong as I’m not an expert in this topic, but I think you have a large error in your example. In that example, you seem to be suggesting that you could shelter $100 million from being taxed twice (each generation) by using a dynasty trust/GSTT exemption. I don’t know where you are getting that from. You could shelter $27.22 million of that (assuming 2024 rates and it’s a couple doing this planning) from being taxed twice by leaving it to grandchildren and designating it as your GSTT exemption but that’s a total amount, not a per beneficiary amount, so the remaining $72.18 million would still essentially get taxed twice due to the GSTT. Let me know if I’m missing something, thanks.
I agree one cannot shelter $100 million without paying Estate tax/GSTT so I doubt you’re missing anything. The GSTT is complicated and I suspect it was an error made by the writer and not caught by the editor. I’ll fix it. You’re not missing anything except the fact that the GSTT is paid when the money is transferred into the trust, NOT when it is received by the eventual recipient. So there can be a lot of growth between those two events and that growth is estate and GSTT tax free.
This post got published before the one I wrote a while back on the GSTT.
Update: The editor reminded me that I DID look at that post and failed to catch the obvious error you caught. Good job for you, bad job for me. Hopefully the edited version is better.
I believe there is a typo in the example section. Where you state “…..with a spouse and a household net worth of $50 million. If you were to pass on that $200 million to your only child when you die…..”. The $200 million should be $50 million.
Thank you. Fixed.
I recently stumbled into the WCI. While I am not a physician the articles are informative to many others including me. I started my professional life as a CPA with Deloitte and then worked part time for EY in its tax department while in law school. After receiving my JD, I moved on to NYU Graduate School of Law and graduated with an LL. M. in Taxation. As a practicing attorney for now over 40 years, estate planning and all that goes with it is a significant part of my practice. I am licensed to practice in Nevada and California.
With the background above, i would like to offer a couple of additional thoughts about Dynasty Trusts and also my home state of Nevada. First, let me state that Nevada has some of the best trust law in the United States. Dynasty Trusts can last for up to 365 years and under current law a large portion of the assets in that trust can escape all three of the wealth transfer taxes: gift tax, estate tax and of the course the GST. Also, Nevada has a constitutional prohibition against an income tax and the federal government taxes trusts just like individuals.
The way a large portion of the assets can escape paying the wealth transfer taxes is to ensure that the dynasty trusts are divided into two separate trusts per child or grandchild: one that is wholly exempt from the GSTT and one that is wholly non-exempt from the GSTT. There are techniques and powers that can be included in the document to soak up the children’s unused estate tax exemption which then avoids the GSTT upon the child’s death. There are other bells and whistles sophisticated estate planning attorneys can build into the the trust agreement to allow for some sophisticated tax planning under current law. Unfortunately, it makes the trust agreement long and complex.
Not to be critical of your article, but one of the primary reasons I encourage many of my clients to setup dynasty trusts at death or even during lifetime is to protect those assets from the child’s creditors or grandchild’s creditors and predators. Nevada has the strongest spendthrift laws in the US…all knowledgeable T&E lawyers know that. If my client’s children are in a high risk profession, a dynasty trust will protect those inherited assets from being subject to the claims of creditors. That also includes a divorcing spouse, though the distributions from the trust might have an impact on the amount of alimony payable. Even when the wealth to be inherited is less than the wealth transfer tax exemptions, creditor protection may be the primary driver to setup this type of trust. I liken it to a legally enforceable post-marital agreement. With the divorce rate being as high as it is throughout the U.S., this can protect the family wealth from ending up in the ex-spouse’s family.
I apologize for the length of my comments, but because this area of the law is so complex, yet so important, I wanted to share my thoughts.
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