Investing

The most common question an investing novice will ask a financial advisor or experienced investor is, “What should I invest in?” While it seems a simple question, it is an attempt at shortcutting an involved process. Following the process leads to a good outcome. Shortcutting it is likely to lead to investing disaster. The process is as follows:

  1. Set financial goals.
  2. Determine the amount to save toward each of those goals.
  3. Determine what types of accounts will be used for each goal.
  4. Determine an appropriate asset allocation for each goal.
  5. Select investments according to the asset allocation.

White Coat Investor Investing Principles

WCI has created rock-solid philosophies around investing since beginning the site in 2011; here’s a summary of those principles.

  • Past performance does not guarantee future performance
  • Limit speculation with your investments
  • Diversify your investment portfolio
  • Use retirement investment accounts
  • Invest when you get the money
  • Have a good reason to not use an index fund
  • Stop playing when you've won the game
  • Don't mix investing and insurance
  • Add new asset classes to portfolio carefully

DIY Investor or Hire a Financial Advisor?

Many investors, including a sizeable majority of doctors, do not have the interest, knowledge, or discipline to successfully design their own investing plan or manage their own investments. While a person intelligent enough to get into medical school can develop the ability to successfully manage their own investments, they still need to develop enough interest in doing so to be successful. Like with medicine, a commitment to at least a low level of life-long learning is required. In addition, you will need to do some upfront learning that consists of reading, at a minimum, a handful of good investing books.

In addition to some relatively easily acquired knowledge, you will also need to develop the discipline to stay the course with your plan, particularly in bear markets. Throughout his life, the late Jack Bogle, founder of mutual fund giant Vanguard, called “stay the course” the most important investment wisdom he could pass on. Selling low during market downturns, especially if done repeatedly or in the critical few years before or after retirement, can be a financial catastrophe just as serious as a divorce or an early career disability.

If you are concerned you lack the required knowledge, the interest in obtaining it, and/or the discipline to properly manage a portfolio over decades, you would be wise to hire the services of an advisor who offers good advice at a fair price. Many people who call themselves “financial advisors” are really just commissioned salespeople in disguise. They may specialize in selling insurance products, like whole life insurance or annuities, or perhaps investment products such as private REITs or loaded mutual funds. That is not the advisor you want. You want a “fee-only” advisor.

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Building Your Investment Portfolio

Many beginning investors feel overwhelmed and don’t know where to start when trying to design and implement their investment portfolio. They feel so helpless with this task that, in retrospect, always seems so easy that they run to a financial advisor for assistance. Unfortunately, some writers suggest as many as 93% of financial advisors are simply salespeople, and, so, many of these naive investors don't get started off on the right foot.

DIY investing can be overwhelming, but you’ve got this. An important principle to remember when designing and implementing your investment portfolio is “Don't Take Shortcuts.” This may seem very basic, but it is frequently skipped, leading to numerous problems down the line in the process of portfolio design.

The process is simple, but it is critical that you take it in order.

  1. Set goals
  2. Develop an asset allocation
  3. Implement the asset allocation
  4. Maintain the plan

Taking things one step at a time, you'll be prepared to design and implement a simple, yet sophisticated investment portfolio yourself—or at least gain the skills and knowledge necessary to know when an advisor is “selling you down the river.”

Most doctors and high-income professionals aren’t financial hobbyists. If given the choice, many would rather outsource all their financial chores to an advisor who would take care of everything for them for a reasonable price. The problem: many advisors charge too much for good advice, or they put you in assets that you don’t want or need. Either way, high-income professionals leave a lot of money on the table and go through life with a sense of unease that they are doing something wrong with their finances.

If that’s true for you, the Fire Your Financial Advisor courses is just what you need. You won’t have to wade through dozens of books, scroll through hundreds of blog posts on dozens of blogs, or check in daily with online forums to try to gain a financial education. For one-tenth the price and half the time of hiring a professional financial planner, this course will take you from feeling anxious to having a written financial plan you can follow the rest of your investing career.

No more feeling clueless about personal finance and investing. No more wasting time and money on stuff that isn’t making you happier. Let’s get rid of your debt and start building wealth to eliminate financial stress from your life. It’s time for you to become the “rich doctor” that your family, friends, and patients already think you are. Then, you can focus on what you really care about—your family, your patients, and making the world a better place than you found it.

Developing a Plan

Developing a written financial plan is an essential task for anyone interested in being financially successful. This will require you to determine your goals, measure your savings rate, assess the tax-advantaged accounts available to you, select investments, and minimize your investing costs.

The main goals to think about when developing a financial plan are:

  1. Formulate your goals: Be as specific as possible, realizing that you’ll make changes as the years go by. Examples of good goals include: 1) I want $40,000 for a home down payment by June 30, 2026; 2) I want to have enough money to pay the tuition at my alma mater in 13 years when my 5-year-old turns 18; 3) I want to have $2 million saved for retirement by Jan 1, 2035. Any goal is better than no goal, but the more specific and the more accurate you can be, the better.
  2. Set up a plan for each goal: The plan consists of identifying what type of account you will use to save the money, choosing the amount you will put toward the goal each year, working out an asset allocation likely to reach the goal with the minimum risk necessary, and identifying a plan B for the goal in case the returns you’re planning on don’t materialize.
If you choose to use an advisor to assist you in this task, choose carefully and ensure you are getting good advice at a fair price.

Hiring the Right Financial Advisor

If you want to use an advisor temporarily or for your entire life, there is no reason to feel guilty about it—just make sure you are getting good advice at a fair price. We have a list of vetted, recommended firms that offer good advice at a fair price.

There are four main methods of paying for financial advice, and some advisors use two, three, or even all four methods. They are:

  • Commissions: The problem here is that the conflicts of interest are so large that even good people cannot withstand them for an entire career. The worst investment (and insurance) products carry the highest commissions, so the advisors have a big incentive to sell them to you. Paying for advice in this manner is not only likely to cause you to end up in high cost, poorly performing investments, but you are also likely to switch between them way too often, generating additional costs and lowering returns.
  • Asset Under Management (AUM) fees: If you’re paying 1% to your advisor who’s managing your $100,000 portfolio (that’s a cost of $1,000 per year), that’s probably not a bad deal. If you’re paying 1% to manage a $1 million portfolio (that’s a cost of $10,000 per year), you can probably live with it. But imagine paying 1% to manage a $20 million portfolio. That’s a cost of $200,000.
  • Annual retainer fees: Paying a flat fee, especially if it’s $15,000 or less per year, is a much better deal. Especially if you’re getting good advice.
  • Hourly fees: You might have to pay $500 an hour, but if you’re a person who’s mostly comfortable putting your own financial plan in place but still want an advisor to do a double-check, this can be a good setup.
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